HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 4.14.1
TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS September 6, 2007
Staff Report to the Planning Commission
SUBJECT: DEVELOPMENT AREA POLICY AMENDMENT
FROM: Nicole Horvitz, Assistant Planner'
APPROVED BY: Debbie Pedro, AICP, Planning Director 'D?
RECOMMENDATION That the Planning Commission:
Forward a recommendation to the City Council to approve the proposed revisions to the
Development Area Policy with regard to credit for the use of semi permeable materials for
driveways, turnarounds and required parking. (Attachment 1)
BACKGROUND
At their July 26, 2007 meeting, City Council discussed the proposed amendments to the
Development Area Policy and noted that development area credits from using semi -permeable
materials should not be limited to just constrained lots. The City Council directed staff to further
research and prepare revisions to the Town's Development Area Policy. (Attachment 2).
Staff is seeking Planning Commission comments and suggestions on revisions to the
Development Area Policy to allow credit for certain surface materials for driveways,
turnarounds, and required parking.
DISCUSSION
The Town's current Development Area Policy provides guidelines that limit development area
on a property in order to protect the natural features and rural character of the Town and
minimize run off and erosion related to construction on slopes. The current policy does not give
credit for the use of semi -permeable materials on any of the following:
• Tennis or sports courts
• Driveways
• Required parking areas
• Turnarounds
• Above ground decks
Grasscrete pavers, permeable concrete and permeable pavers can be an excellent alternative to
plain concrete surfaces for driveway, turnarounds, and parking areas because they can be used to
locally infiltrate rainwater, reduce water mnoff, and minimize erosion.
Planning Commission
Development Area Policy Amendment
September 6, 2007
Page 2 of 3
The maximum square footage that an applicant may gain with the use of semi -permeable
materials is approximately 2,100 square feet, using grasscrete pavers for the driveway, required
parking, and fire truck turnaround However, more than likely applicants will choose to use
permeable concrete or pavers for the driveway and a combination of permeable pavers, concrete
or grasscrete for the turnaround and parking. This would result in an average development area
credit between 900-1,400 square feet
EXAMPLE: 200+180+660=1,040 sq. ft.
Using the Town's MDA/MPA formula a one acre property with a slope of 10% or less has an
allowable MDA of 15,000 sq. ft. or 34% lot coverage. A one acre property with a 25% slope has
an allowable MDA of 7,500 sq. ft. or 17% lot coverage. The MDA of a property will not
change. However, the percentage of lot coverage using both impervious and semi -permeable
materials could potentially increase by 2%-5%.
Grasscrete Pavers
Permeable Concrete
Permeable Pavers
% of Allowable Lot
(50% credit)
(30% credit)
(10% credit)
Two Required Outdoor
MDA
Coverage
Coverage with approx.
Parking Spaces
120 sq ft
40 sq ft
(10x20 each)= 400 sq ft
900-2,100 sq. ft. of
Surfaces)
Development Area Credit
Fire Truck Turnaround
900 sq ft
540 sq ft
15,000
=1,800 sq ft (approx)
36%-39%
1 Acre
25%
rriv,,,y00 sq ft (approx)
1,000 sq ft
WM
220 sq ft
Using the Town's MDA/MPA formula a one acre property with a slope of 10% or less has an
allowable MDA of 15,000 sq. ft. or 34% lot coverage. A one acre property with a 25% slope has
an allowable MDA of 7,500 sq. ft. or 17% lot coverage. The MDA of a property will not
change. However, the percentage of lot coverage using both impervious and semi -permeable
materials could potentially increase by 2%-5%.
The proposed development area credit for semi -permeable surfaces will increase the amount of
development on a property. However, the amendment is consistent with the intent of the
Development Area Policy to "minimize runoff and erosion concerns related to construction on
slopes". The potential impacts for runoff and erosion from the increased development is
mitigated because the semi permeable materials have storm water management benefits
including:
% of Allowable Lot
Maximum Potential Lot
Acreage
Slope
MFA
MDA
Coverage
Coverage with approx.
(Impervious
900-2,100 sq. ft. of
Surfaces)
Development Area Credit
1 Acre
>10%
6,000
15,000
34%
36%-39%
1 Acre
25%
5,000
7,500
17%
19%-22%
The proposed development area credit for semi -permeable surfaces will increase the amount of
development on a property. However, the amendment is consistent with the intent of the
Development Area Policy to "minimize runoff and erosion concerns related to construction on
slopes". The potential impacts for runoff and erosion from the increased development is
mitigated because the semi permeable materials have storm water management benefits
including:
Planning Commission
Development Area Policy Amendment
September 6, 2007
Page 3 of 3
• Reduce the amount of untreated runoff
• Increase the amount of filtered groundwater
• Eliminate puddling or standing water
• Prevent erosion.
To ensure that the additional paving will not increase storm water runoff, applicants who choose
to utilize semi -permeable materials for driveways, turnarounds, and required parking will be
required to provide manufacturer's specifications and data for the materials including water
absorption rate, installation procedure, and maintenance requirement guidelines. In addition, the
applicant will be required to provide hydrologic calculations to demonstrate that post -
development peak discharge value for water runoff does not exceed the existing pre -development
peak discharge value of the property.
CEQA STATUS
The project is categorically exempt under Section 15306 of the State CEQA Guidelines
ATTACHMENTS
1. Amended Development Area Policy
2. Minutes from the July 26, 2007 City Council Meeting -
3. Staff Report to City Council dated July 26, 2007
Attachment 1
Policy Re: Development Area and Tennis/Sports Courts, Driveways, and Pervious
Surfaces
Code Sections:
Section 10-1.502(b) of the Zoning Code defines "development area" to include floor area as well
as other coverage, including parking areas, patios, decks, walkways, swimming pools, tennis
courts, and other surfaces comprised of artificially emplaced building materials (paving, roofing,
masonry, stone or wood)
Intent:
The purposes of limiting development area on a site are twofold: 1) to protect natural features
and rural character of the Town; and 2) to minimize runoff and erosion concerns related to
construction on slopes. The City Council finds that tennis/sports courts, driveways and parking
areas appear as development regardless of the surface used, and generally require considerable
land alteration to be accommodated on a site.
Policy:
No development credit will be granted for the use of semi -permeable material(s) on any
of the following:
a. Tennis or sports courts
b. Driveways*
c. Required parking areas*
d. Turnarounds*
e. Above ground decks
2. In other development areas, partial credit for the use of semi -permeable material(s) may
be granted depending on the permeability and appearance of the surface. Make an
appointment with the Planning Department at (650) 941-7222, to discuss material
selections with a Planner.
*Applicant must provide manufacturer's specifications and data for the materials including water
absorption rate, installation procedure, and maintenance requirement guidelines.
*Applicant must provide hydrologic calculations to demonstrate that post -development peak discharge
value for water runoff does not exceed the existing pre -development peak discharge value of the property.
Attachment 2
his property and was able to move forward on his subdivision which could prove to be a
very profitable development.
Councihnember O'Malley commented that this was one of the few times that he
disagreed with staff. He noted that Mr. O'Keeffe had received a letter from former City
Engineer Henry Louie stating that the Town would provide him sewer connections. He
then proceeded with his application to LAFCO and the County. Subsequently, the Town
reversed its opinion. O'Malley suggested that it would be appropriate to waive the legal
fees and only charge staff costs. He believed that the review had been a higher level than
necessary and added that the Town bad an interest in providing and encouraging sewer
connections.
Councilmember Warshawsky stated that he concurred with the recommendation of staff.
MOTION MADE AND FAILED: Moved by O'Malley to waive Mr. O'Keeffe's $5,000
legal charges and limit the charges to the $2,000 fees associated with the staff charges.
Motion failed due to lack of a second.
19. Consideration of Resolution Establishing a Preferential Puking District in the
Town of Los Altos Hills for Crescent Lane
Planning Director Debbie Pedro introduced the item to Council. Staff had received an
application from the residents on Crescent Lane to establish a preferential parking district
on their private street. The application had been signed by a majority of the residents.
The applicants had reported problems with Foothill College students parking, loitering
and littering on their street and then using the neighborhood path to access the college.
Mike Weimar, Crescent Lane, spoke on behalf of the applicants. He offered that the
students were using his street to avoid parking fees charged by the campus. Weimar
spoke to the disruption the students caused to their neighborhood. A letter from the
President of Foothill College supporting the application had accompanied their request.
Resident, Crescent Lane, stated that she supported the request for the Preferential Parking
District. She had not bad an opportunity to sip the petition.
Mayor Jones advised that the Town would incur a minimal fiscal impact in association
with the application. The residents would pay all costs associated with the signage.
Council directed staff to use the same template that had been used previously for the
Dawnridge preferential parking district.
MOTION SECONDED AND CARRIED: Moved by Mordo, seconded by Kerr and
passed unanimously to adopt Resolution No. 57-07 Establishing a Preferential Puking
Area (Crescent Lane).
20. Consideration of Amendment to the Town's Development Area Policy
Planning Director Debbie Pedro introduced the item to Council. Council at their May 24,
2007 meeting had directed staff to research and prepare proposed amendments to the
Town's Development Area Policy to allow additional development area, particularly for
12 City Council Meeting Meares
Suly 26, 2007
constrained lots (one acre properties with maximum development area (MDA) of 7,500
square feet or less).
The Town's original policy had been approved by Council in 1995 and had a two fold
purpose: 1) to protect natural features and the rural character of the Town; and, 2) to
minimize runoff and erosion concerns related to construction on slopes. Pedro reviewed
the list of items that previously had been identified as areas where development credits
could not be granted for the use of semi -permeable materials due to aesthetic concerns
and the potential amount of grading that would be required. They included tennis or
sports courts, driveways, required parking areas, turnarounds and above ground decks.
However with the development of newer materials and technology, Pedro suggested that
erosion and runoff concerns could potentially be addressed.
The Planning Commission had considered the revisions to the Development Area Policy
at their June 28, 2007 meeting and recommended approval of development area credits
when semi -permeable materials were used for three areas. Specifically; driveways,
required parking, and turnarounds on constrained lots.
Pedro proceeded with a PowerPoint presentation that included slide representations of the
acceptable materials and their respective credits. They included Grasscrete (50% credit),
permeable concrete (30% credit), permeable pavers (10% credit), and artificial turf (90%
credit). Pedro explained the artificial turf market had varied products -both in quality and
appearance. For this reason, staff was recommending that the use of artificial turf be
limited to the side and rear yards of a property. Pedro reviewed slides of different
development scenarios and examples where semi -permeable materials could be used for
the outdoor parking, fine truck turnaround and driveway. For example, if grasscrete was
used in a 400 square foot area for outdoor parking, it would result in a development area
credit of 200 square feet. Pedro explained that the MDA of the constrained lot was not
being changed with the new proposed Policy and was still governed by the formula of
acreage and slope but the way that the area was counted where the semi -permeable
products were used would result in a development area "credit".
Pedro concluded her report with a chart that summarized the proposed revisions and
included: the four products under discussion, the percentage of development area credit
that would be gained with their use, the areas where they could be used and if they could
be used in the setback Pedro noted that under the constrained lot scenario (1 acre
minimum and a MDA of 7,500 or less) the maximum "credit" for the use of the semi-
permeable materials was 2,200 square feet
Council discussion ensued. The consensus was that the proposed amendment to the
Development Area Policy was a step in the right direction. Council questioned if the
credits for the semi -permeable materials should be extended to other lots with restrictions
beyond constrained lots with possible higher limits. It was suggested that the location of
s the property might be a factor in the review process and their proclivity to runoff.
Af
OPENED PUBLIC COMMENT
Richard Partridge, Briones Lane, suggested that it was positive for Council to be
encouraging the use of semi -permeable materials but believed that the policy amendment
13 City Council Meeting Minutes
July 26, 2007
was too significant not to have a wider review. He questioned what would happen if
someone had 7,600 square feet of development and could not take advantage of the
proposed policy.
CLOSED PUBLIC COMMENT
MOTION SECONDED AND CARRIED: Moved by Mordo, seconded by Warshawsky
and passed by a 4-1 voice vote (Councilmember O'Malley -No) to approve the revised
Development Area Policy as presented in the staff report.
Councilmember O'Malley offered that he would prefer to review the proposed policy
inconsistencies and revisit the application to include additional lots with a threshold
determined by Council.
MOTION TO RECONSIDER: MOTION SECONDED AND CARRIED: Moved by
Kerr, seconded by O'Malley and passed by the following roll call vote to rescind the
prior action of Council.
AYES: Mayor Pro Tem Mordo, Councihnember Ker, Councilmember O'Malley
NOES: Mayor Jones, Councilmember Warshawsky
ABSENT: None
ABSTAIN: None
Jitze Couperus, Page Mill Road, commented that he was concerned with coupling the use
of semi -permeable materials with a reward of more increased development. He
suggested Council consider different reward options.
CLOSED PUBLIC COMMENT
Council consensus was to direct staff to draft a revised Development Area Policy that
would expand the allowance for development credits to other lots not directly in the
definition of the constrained lots and as a more general policy for the Town. The revised
policy would be reviewed by the Planning Commission and ultimately considered by the
City Council.
21. Designation of Voting Delegate and Alternates — League of California Cities
Annual Conference Scheduled for September 5-8, 2007
MOTION SECONDED AND CARRIED: Moved by Mordo, seconded by Ker and
passed unanimously to appoint City Manger Carl Cahill as the Town's voting delegate to
the League of California Cities Annual Conference.
22. Consideration of Date for City Council Strategic Goal Setting Session
14 City Council Meeting Minutes
My 26, 2007
Attachment 3
TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS July 26, 2007
Staff Report to the City Council
SUBJECT: AMENDMENT TO THE DEVELOPMENT AREA POLICY
FROM: Debbie Pedro, Planning Duectol-
APPROVED: Carl Cahill, City Manager r— c-,
RECOMMENDATION: That the City Council
Approve the amendments to the Development Area Policy with regard to credit for the
use of semi permeable materials, as contained in Attachment 1.
BACKGROUND:
At the May 24, 2007 meeting, City Council directed staff to research and prepare
amendments to the Town's Development Area Policy to allow additional development
area for one acre properties with maximum development area (MDA) of 7,500 sq. ft. or
less. The Council suggested allowing partial development area credit for materials that
did not result in an increase of water runoff from the property.
At their meeting of June 28, 2007, the Planning Commission reviewed the Development
Area Policy and unanimously voted to recommend approval of the proposed
amendments.
DISCUSSION
The Planning Commission discussed revising the current Development Area Policy to
allow constrained lots (one acre minimum with a MDA of 7,500 sq. ft. or less) to receive
development area credit when semi -permeable materials are used on driveways, required
puking, and turnarounds.
Depending on the type of materials used and the total area affected, property owners with
constraint lots could gain between 800 to 1,500 sq. ft. of additional development area.
Furthermore, the Commission agreed that artificial turf should only count as 10%
coverage. Eventhough the appearance of artificial turf has continued to improve, the
quality of the product varies depending on the manufacturer. Therefore, it is
recommended that artificial turf be installed only in the rear or side yards to minimize it
visibility to neighboring properties.
A chart detailing the material and credit percentage is included in the revised
Development Area Policy. (Attachment 1) The Planning Commission staff report and
meeting minutes dated June 28, 2007 are attached for Council review. (Attachments 2
and 3)
FISCAL IMPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with this recommendation.
CEOA REVIEW
The proposed ordinance amendment is exempt from California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA) pursuant to Section 150611.3 of the CEQA Guidelines.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Amended Development Area Policy
2. Staff Report to Planning Commission dated June 28, 2007
3. Draft Minutes from the June 28, 2007 Planning Commission Meeting
Report prepared by: Nicole Horvitz, Assistant Planner
Policy Re: Development Area and Tennis/Sports Courts, Driveways, and Pervious
Surfaces
Code Sections:
Section 10-1.502(b) of the Zoning Code defines "development area" to include floor area as well
as other coverage, including parking areas, patios, decks, walkways, swimming pools, tennis
courts, and other surfaces comprised of artificially emplaced building materials (paving, roofing,
masonry, stone or wood)
Intent:
The purposes of limiting development area on a site are twofold: 1) to protect natural features
and rural character of the Town; and 2) to minimize runoff and erosion concerns related to
construction on slopes. The City Council finds that tennis/sports courts, driveways and parking
areas appear as development regardless of the surface used, and generally require considerable
land alteration to be accommodated on a site.
Policy:
No development credit will be granted for the use of semi -permeable material(s) on any
of the following:
a Tennis or sports courts
b. Driveways*
c. Required parking areas*
d. Turnarounds*
e. Above ground decks
2. In other development areas, partial credit for the use of semi -permeable material(s) may
be granted depending on the permeability and appearance of the surface. Make an
appointment with the Planning Department at (650) 941-7222, to discuss material
selections with a Planner.
*For constrained lots (one acre minimum and a MDA of 7,500 or less) credit for the use of semi-
permeable materials for the driveway, required parking, and turnaround will be granted based on the
permeability of the material.
*For constrained lots only =one acre minimum, MDA of 7500
90%
Rrquir
urnorounds, anti
Credit for all olhvr'-
Artificial Turf
(i.e. 10o sq. it wverege
Yes
N/A
Yes
=10 sq. ft DA)
50%
No
Grasscrete Pavers
(i.e. 100 sq. R coverage
(ExcW for tornaromds
Yes *
Yes
= 50 sq. ft DA)
and driveways)
Permeable
30%
No
Concrete
(i.e. 100 sq. ft c°verage
(Except for tvr .,mds
Yes *
No
- 70 sq. R DA)
and driveways)
10%
No
Permeable Pavers
(i.e. 10D sq. R wverage
(Exeept forwmaromds
Yes*
Yes
= 90 sq. ft DA)
end driveways)
*For constrained lots only =one acre minimum, MDA of 7500
TOWN OF LOS ALTOS HILLS June 28, 2007
Staff Report to the Planning Commission
SUBJECT: DISCUSSION TO CONSIDER AMENDING THE DEVELOPMENT AREA
POLICY
FROM: Nicole Horvitz, Assistant Planner
APPROVED BY: Debbie Pedro, AICP, Planning Director
RECOMMENDATION That the Planning Commission:
Review and discuss the Development Area Policy with regard to credit for the use of semi
permeable materials and direct staff to prepare tent amendments to the policy as determined to be
necessary.
WouO Ze -11161 ilX
At their May 24, 2007 meeting, the City Council duetted staff to research and prepare proposed
amendments to the Town's Development Area Policy to allow additional development area for
constrained properties with maximum development area (MDA) of 7,500 sq. ft. or less. The
Council suggested that semi -permeable materials used in landscape or hardscape improvements
could receive partial credit for development area coverage because it will not result in an
increase of runoff from the property. An additional idea mentioned was to consider not counting
the second floor as development area on lots with steep slopes. (Attachment 2)
Staff is seeking Planning comments and suggestions on revisions to the Development Area
Policy to allow credit for certain surface materials.
DISCUSSION
The Tovm's current Development Area Policy provides guidelines that limit development area
on a property in order to protect the natural features and rural character of the Town and
minimize run off and erosion related to construction on slopes. The current policy (Attachment
1) does not give credit for the use of semi -permeable materials on any of the following:
• Tennis or sports courts
• Driveways
• Required parking areas
• Turnarounds
• Above ground decks
Planning Commission
Development Area Policy Amendment
]me 28, 2007
Page 2 of 5
Given the advancements in technology, building techniques, and building materials on sloped
lots, it is recommended that the Planning Commission review and consider allowing a
development area credit for certain semi -permeable materials.
Artificial Turf
The appearance of artificial turf has continued to improve and many manufacturers have
products that look like real grass. Maintenance to the artificial turf is minimal. An occasional
brooming is recommended but not necessary. This will stand the fibers up and even out the infill
materials. Debris like leaves and twigs can be easily removed with a leaf blower. As long as the
leaf blower nozzle is not placed too close to the turf, the sand and rubber will stay in place while
the debris is blown away.
The long term effect of the sun does not harm the artificial turf lawnscape or make it fade. The
fibers have a UV protection coating and can withstand the damaging affects of sun, heat, wind,
snow, and ice.
The drainage in the turf is very similar to natural grass. The turf backing has many perforated
holes allowing for water to drain vertically.
Pets cannot harm the turf. The turf is also installed strictly for dog ams. Urine is not a problem as
it absorbs into the sand and rubber and eventually evaporates. You may also spray the soiled area
with a hose.
The cost comparison to installing artificial lawn or grass versus installing a sprinkler system, top
soil, and the price of sod, combined with watering, mowing, weeding, and fertilizing, it can pay
for itself in a few years. (Source; Back Nine Greens, Attachment 3)
Staff recommends a 90% credit for artificial turf. (i.e. 100 sq. ft. of coverage counts as 10 sq. ft.
of development area) and may encroach within the property line setbacks. The artificial turf
should be installed in the rear or side yard of the property to minimize its visibility to
neighboring properties.
Planning Commission
Development Area Policy Amendment
June 28, 2007
Page 3 of 5
Grasscrete Pavers
Grasscrete is a cast -in-place, monolithic, pervious concrete pavement that is continuously
reinforced to provide superior structural integrity. After the concrete is sufficiently hardened, the
voids are filled with topsoil and grass providing a free draining "pavement" with the structural
capacity to handle most heavy vehicle loads.
Grasscrete can be an excellent alternative to plain concrete surfaces for puking lots, driveways,
and access roads for vehicles or fire trucks. Grasscrete can also be used for erosion control.
Grasscrete drains at about the same rate as would an ordinary lawn in the same location. The
presence of concrete has little effect on the drainage; the soil and the slope are the controlling
factors.
The surface area of Grasscrete is 47% concrete and 53% whole (to be filled with Grass). Grass
usually covers much of the concrete in areas not subject to regular vehicle traffic. Holes may be
filled and covered with crushed stone, seashells, etc. to provide drainage in cases where grass is
not desired. (Source; Concrete Network, Attachment 4)
Staff recommends a 50% credit for grasscrete. (i.e. 100 sq. ft. of coverage counts as 50 sq. ft. of
development area). Grasscrete must be installed outside the required setbacks except for fire
truck turnarounds and driveway backup areas.
Planning Commission
Development Area Policy Amendment
Jmie 29, 2007
Page 4 of 5
Permeable Concrete
Permeable concrete is a special structural concrete with the fine particles removed. This creates
15 to 20 percent voids so the concrete looks like a giant rice cake. The pavement will support
traffic and allow water to pass through to a gravel layer underneath. The strength of pervious
concrete is about 85 percent of conventional concrete, making it suitable for sidewalks,
driveways, alleys, parking lots and residential streets.
Permeable concrete is much more porous than underlying soils. Typical infiltration rates are 250
to 300 inches per hour; typical installations require soils with percolation rates of more than 1/2 -
inch per hour. A gravel bed placed underneath the concrete stores water before it moves into the
soil or can provide a channel for movement of water to storm water channels. A 4 -inch bed of
rock or aggregate 3/4 inches or larger with 30 percent voids will store 1.2 inches of water. In
addition to its water quantity benefits, pervious paving can remove some pollutants through
absorption, straining and microbial decomposition. (Source; Puget Sound Online, Attachment 5)
Staff recommends a 50% credit for permeable concrete (i.e. 100 sq. R of coverage counts as 50
sq. ft, of development area). Although permeable concrete has some benefits for drainage and
water run-offs, due to its appearance as a solid, hardscape surface, the permeable concrete should
qualify for development area credit only when used for required fire truck turnaround, parking,
and driveway.
Permeable Pavers
Permeable pavers replicate natural storm water infiltration, provide treatment and eliminate the
need for conventional detention/ treatment systems.
Most of the paving over' in developed areas is due to common roads and parking lots, which
play a major role in transporting increased storm water runoff and contaminant loads to receiving
waters. Alternative paving materials can be used to locally infiltrate rainwater and reduce the
Planning Commission
Development Area Policy Amendment
June 28, 2007
Page 5 of 5
runoff leaving a site. This can help to decrease downstream flooding, the frequency of combined
sewer overflow events, and the thermal pollution of sensitive waters.
The use of these materials can also eliminate problems with standing water, provide for
groundwater recharge, control erosion of streambeds and riverbanks, facilitate pollutant removal,
and provide for a more aesthetically pleasing site. The effective imperviousness of any given
project is reduced while land use is maximized. Alternative pavers can even eliminate the
requirement for underground sewer pipes and conventional storm water retention / detention
systems. The drainage of paved areas and traffic surfaces by means of permeable systems is an
important building block within an overall low impact development scheme that seeks to achieve
a storm water management system close to natural conditions. (Source; Low Impact
Development Center, Inc, Attachment 6)
Staff recommends a 10% credit for permeable pavers. (i.e. 100 sq. ft. of coverage counts as 90
sq. ft. of development area). Permeable pavers must be installed outside the required setbacks
except for fire truck turnarounds and driveway backup areas.
CEOA STATUS
The project is categorically exempt under Section 15306 of the State CEQA Guidelines
ATTACHMENTS
1. Development Area Policy
2. Minutes From the May 24, 2007 City Council Meeting
3. Artificial Turf- Back Nine Greens, www.backnine¢eens.com
4. Grasscrete Pavers -Concrete Network, www.coneretenetwork.com/bomanite/green.htm
5. Permeable Concrete- Puget Sound Online, www.psat.wa.aov
6. Permeable Pavers- Low Impact Development Center, Inc, www.lid-stormwater.net
1117 Develop Comprehensive Plan for Expanded Recreational Facility Access and Begin
Implementation of Acquisitions --Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Recreational
Facilities (To be Distributed at the Meeting) (Mayor Pro -Tem Jones)
Mayor Pro Tem Jones reported that the Ad Hoc committee had met prior to the Council
meeting (May 24, 2007) and were currently reviewing the alternatives for recreation.
Jones summarized the featured article in the June Newsletter that bad outlined the
Committee's activities. They included: 1) review of current recreation facilities; 2)
responsiveness to recreation survey that showed a strong interest in a community park
and possibly a sports field; and, 3) investigation of partnerships with private clubs and/or
possiblejoint ventures for recreation opportunities.
Jones reported that there were a series of projects at the Little League fields that were
being assessed that could potentially enhance safety and improve the drainage problems
at the site. This should reflect in a reduction of maintenance costs. To appropriately
evaluate the drainage problems and move forward on any additional projects at the fields,
the City Manager had authorized a topographical survey of the site at a cost of $8,000.
Jones advised that the Committee would be developing a priority list of projects and
budgets. The needs of the Westwind Bam Committee would be integrated into the
overall recreation "master plan" with a projected multi-year capital improvement budget.
COUNCIL MEETING RECESSED: 9:40 P.M.
COUNCIL RECONVENED TO OPEN SESSION: 10:00 P.M.
—106 12. 2007 Community Survey on Site Development and Zoning Standards
Planning Director Debbie Pedro introduced this item to Council. The City Council at
their February 8, 2007 meeting authorized the Town to conduct a community survey to
gauge resident opinions on current site development and zoning standards. Godbe
Research, a professional survey firm, was hired to conduct the telephone survey in April
2007. The survey consisted of sixteen questions with several culled from the 2001 mail -
in Community Survey.
Pedro proceeded with a PowerPoint Presentation that included: a comparison of
responses of 2001 and 2007 survey on questions regarding allowable maximum
development area and maximum floor area (MDA/MFA); estate homes; development
review process; and, open space easements. The presentation also included a list of
Planning Commission Comments and Recommendations from their May 3, 2007 review
of the survey findings.
Pedro noted that one of the key findings from the telephone survey was that the majority
of residents polled were satisfied with the development regulations and believed that the
status quo should be maintained. In comparing the results of the two surveys, there did
not appear to be any major shift in opinion. There was a trend however that more people
found the regulations too restrictive in 2007, particularly newer, younger residents. The
survey findings indicated an increase in "newer residents" with 1-10 years residency in
Town.
Regular City Meeting Minutes
May 24, 2007
Only a slight majority of responders believed that a cap or absolute maximum should be
set on the size of a home (Estate Homes). However, a majority of residents did concur
that setbacks should be increased for homes of 10,000 + square feet.
With regards to open space (conservation) easements, a majority clearly favored the
policy of requiring the dedication of open space. However, the majority of residents were
not in favor of imposing more restrictive fence regulations and they were evenly divided
on the issue of allowing taller deer fencing.
Pedro reviewed the Planning Commissions comments and recommendations that
included: 1) majority of residents felt the status quo should be maintained regarding site
development issues; 2) high percentage of residents would like to see increased setback
requirements for estate homes and recommended that staff return the Estate Home
Ordinance (proposed) for review; 3) continued strong support for the open space
easement policy; and, 4) in general, younger and newer residents (less than 15 years) were
more likely to feel that development standards were too restrictive compared to the more
established residents. The Conunission recommended that staff develop a "Property
Improvement Information Booklet" to be included in the Town's welcome packet
Council thanked Pedro for her presentation.
Mayor Pro Tem Jones concurred that the survey's findings had strongly endorsed the
status quo "on balance'. Jones commented that he had several issues that he wanted to
address. He was in concurrence with the Planning Commission's recommendation to
revisit the Estate Homes with regards to setback and possible restriction of 20,000 square
feet Second, with regards to fencing, he believed that the survey language may have been
confusing but there was an indication that there was support for deer fencing taller than 6
feet Third, was development on sloped property and the LUF penalty. Jones suggested
that it appeared that people believed it was too restrictive. The final issue he proposed for
discussion was the feasibility of an incentive for people to construct energy efficient
homes. Jones added that the Council had previously requested this and he would like to
have the issue revisited. Jones noted these were the issues/topics he would like to discuss
and queried what the appropriate next step in the process would be.
Councilmember Mordo commented on the suggested discussion topics. He noted that
historically, there have been very few homes approved in the estate home classification of
20,000 square feet and did not believe it was necessary to set a maximum for house size.
However, he did concur with a review of setback requirements for estate homes. Mordo
agreed that deer fencing would be a more attractive, aesthetically pleasing fence option
that would lend itself to a feeling of open space compared to a solid 6 foot fence and he
would be open to discussion. He expressed his concern with opening discussions on
MDA/MFA because it was an arbitrary number and preferred reviewing each special case
individually and granting variances where warranted. Mordo suggested that the Council
consider reviewing the calculations for permeable and semi permeable materials.
Pedro offered that there was a currently a Council development policy adopted in 1999
that calls for discount in development area for the use of certain materials. Additional
materials could be added. Mordo suggested that the table be reviewed.
Regular City Meeting Minutes
May 24, 2007
Jones concurred and requested that direction be given to the Planning Commission to
investigate ways to make it easier for people to develop their yards with methods and
materials that would not substantially increase the amount of run off from their
properties. One suggestion was the exploration of second story homes on sloped lots.
Councilmember Kerr supported relief for building on slope lots including credit for
permeable driveways but believed that the current development allotment for flat lots was
appropriate. He also supported the use of taller deer fencing especially to protect gardens
and vineyards but did not want to see properties completely fenced.
Councilmember O'Malley noted that he was comfortable with forwarding the topics to
the Planning Commission for discussion. However, he was concerned with MDA being
increased on sloped lots. O'Malley explained that the velocity of runoff from the lot
potentially hurt the person residing below the property and could cause erosion but he
was open to listening to proposals.
Mayor Warshawsky thanked staff for the report. He believed that it was a good survey
and he had gamered several key points from his review of the findings. Warshawsky
noted the trend that new residents and younger residents believed the Town's
development policies were too restrictive. There also was a clear indication that the long
term resident population was decreasing. Warshawsky suggested that the new/younger
residents might be more supportive of the Town's long term capital improvement
projects.
in review of the discussion items proposed by Mayor Pro Tem Jones, Warshawsky's
comments included: no support for changes in the fence ordinance; support for green
energy incentives as long as they were "carrots not sticks'; review of setback
requirements for estate homes but no limit to the size of homes; and, he would support
discussion of MDA/MFA requirements.
City Attorney Steve Mattas advised the Council that they could refer the matters where
there had been Council consensus back to the Planning Commission for further
evaluation. He suggested that it would be preferable for the Council to give clear
direction on rather they wanted the Commission to consider and refer recommendations
to Council or consider, take action and then refer the matter to Council.
Mayor Pro Tem Jones suggested that he would be interested in the Planning
Commission's input on the issues being forwarded to Council for further Council
consideration. He acknowledged that there was no clear consensus on the topics but
Council had indicated they would like further discussion on the matters. He suggested
the topics be referred to the Planning Commission for study, analysis and
recommendations. The topics included:
1) Fencing: fence amendment to allow replacing 6 foot fences with 8 foot fences (open
deer fencing only).
2) Slope properties: analysis of a set of recommendations of what development might be
allowable given the advancements in technology, building techniques, and materials for
10 Regular City Meeting Minutes
May 24, 2007
projects on sloped lots. This would include review of materials that did not result in an
increase of runoff from the property and could be discounted on development
calculations. An additional option to be considered was calculations for a second floor
not being counted as development on a very steep slope.
3) Estate Homes: Review of setbacks for larger homes but no further study of maximum
house size.
4) Definition of incentives for high- energy construction. Review to be forwarded to both
the Planning Commission and Environmental Initiatives Committee.
MOTION SECONDED AND CARRIED: Moved by Jones, seconded by Mordo and
passed unanimously to refer the items identified to the Planning Commission and
Environmental Initiatives Committee as appropriate.
13. Consideration of Sergeant William Sigua Memorial
City Manager Cahill reported that at the direction of the Mayor, staff and Community
Relations Committee representative Duffy Price had reviewed options for an appropriate
tribute for Sgt. William Signa of Los Altos Hills who was killed in combat operations
while serving in Iraq. Before Council was a proposal for their consideration to name one
of the Town's Little League playing fields on Purissima Road in his honor. David Rock,
Little League President, had advised the Board of the proposal.
Council consensus was to move forward with the memorial.
Staff was directed to work with the family and coordinate the dedication.
NEW BUSINESS
14. Discussion of City Council Summer Meeting Schedule
Following Council discussion, the June 28 and August 23, 2007 regular City Council
meetings were cancelled.
REPORTS FROM COMMITTEES SUB -COMMITTEES AND
COUNCILMEMBERS ON OUTSIDE AGENCIES
15. Loan to the Friends of Westwind for the repair of the lower riding arena surface at
Westwind Barn
Councilmember Mordo introduced this item to Council. He summarized the recent
successes of the Westwind Community Barn Committee (WCBC) that included: the new
operating agreement between the Friends of Westwind and the Town; and, the Friends of
Westwind's adoption of revised Bylaws. The Committee was now moving forward on
renovation plans for the Barn. They would be submitting an agreement for architectural
services and the development of a feasibility study to Council in the near future. The
estimated project costs were between $500,000 and $1 million with funding to be divided
11 Regular City Meeting Minutes
May 24, 2007
Back Nine Greens I Synthetic Turf Lawns I Artificial Grass Field Turf I Athletic Play
SYNTHETIC TURF LAWNS I GRASS
We use only the highest quality materials available; it's not like any synthetic or
artffreial lawn or greas you have ever seen cr felt before. Though it looks, feels
and plays so much like real lawn, it is incredibly durable and requires very little
.maintenance.
Maintenance to the synthetic bur€ is minimal. An cocasicnal brooming is
recommended but not necessary. This will 53od rhe fibers up and even out the
Infill materiels. Lebr's like leaves and twins can be easily removed with a leaf
blower. As long as the leaf blower nozzles rot placed too close to the turf, fine
sand and rubber will stay in place while the debris Is blown away.
The icing `-em effect of the sun does not harm the sy oetic turf lawnseape or
make it fade. The fibers have a 11V protection coating and can wiffistend the
damaging 2fects of sun, hat, wind, snow aro Ice.
Tne sy[rthatic turf comes with a limited d year rarranty; actual life expectancy is
15-25 years.
The drainage in the turf is very similar to natural grass. The turf backing has many
perforated holes allowing for water to train vertically.
Pets cannot harm the tort. The turf is also installed strictly for dog runs. Urine is
not a problem as It absorbs into the sand and ribber and eventually evaporates.
You may also spray the soiled area with a hose.
The cost comparison to installing synd is lawn or grass versus installing a
sprinkler system, top soil, and the price of sod, combined with watering, mowing,
weeding, and fertilizing, it can pay for Itself In a few years.
S"thri lawns I Synthetk Putting Greens I About I Iii I Gaifery
S SackNineGresns 2006. All Rights P.rwd. weh 511s peweloci by D,,ital base's
Arnifilal Lawn 15yni Turf Lawns 5 Goss
,......n,..,.,-,..,., rrh' 6/21/2007
Grasscrete b Bomanite: A Functional Green Paving Solution - The Concrete Network Page 1 of 2
ATTACHMENT q
Grasscrete by Bomanite:
A Functional "Green" Paving Solution
Blending architecture and landscape is sometimes a complicated task when functionality, aesthetic appeal and
eoo-friendly criterion have to be considered. Grasscrete by Bomande provides a variety of landscape solutions
while maintaining a sustainable "green" product design.
Grasscrete is a cast -in-place, monolithic, pervious concrete pavement that is continuously minforced to provide
superior structural integrity. After the concrete is sufficiently hardened, the voids are filled with topsoil and gmss,
thus providing a free draining pavement'with the structure[ capacity to handle most heavy vehicle loads.
Grasscrete is great for emergency access lanes, delivery access mutes, overflow parking areas, and for
intermittent drainage channels to help prevent erosion.
Available in a range of systems specific to the required use, Gresscrete is essentially a cellular reinforced concrete
slab, the cells being voids created in the patented casting pmcess which am subsequently filled with soil and
seeded with grass or other appropriate ground cover. The Grasscrete system selected can either be purely
functional or be a concealed product that is both purposeful and pleasing in appearance. Grasscrete offers the
end-user the ability to provide year round access for a variety of applications without compromising the aesthetics
of their exterior landscaping and having to utilize traditional hard pavements, eliminating the need to contml storm
water runoff.
him 6/21/2007
Permeable Paving Information - The Concrete Network Page 1 of 1
Hnd a Grasscrete Contractor
Grasscrete can be an excellent alternative to plain concrete surfaces for parking lots, driveways, and access roads
for vehicles or fire trucks. Grasscrete can also be used for erosion control.
Grasscrete drains at about the same rate as would an ordinary lawn in the same location. The presence of
concrete has little effect on the drainage; the soil and the slope are the controlling factors.
The surface area of Grasscrete is 47% concrete and 53% hole (to be filled with Grass). Grass usually covers much
of the concrete in areas not subject to regular vehicle traffic. Holes may be filled and covered with crushed stone,
seashells, etc, to provide drainage in rases where grass is not desired.
Construction Details
Construction Process
Additional Data (Maintenance, Drainage, Load Test Report, Slope Paving, Etc)
Section Sponsor
BRTar®
=64-- Lwxngnruc
Find a Grasscrete Contractor
http://www.mncretenetwork.wm/grassuete/ 6/21/2007
Grasscrete by Bomanite: A Functional Green Paving Solution - The Concrete Network Page 2 of 2
Grasscrete can also be employed as a stabilization product for areas that experience seasonal runoff, that require
maximum water capacity to handle an adjacent hard surface or that require a structural base material prior to
application. Gresscrete wn be customized to
suit a0
variety of applications where the elimination of retention
ponds, wales or other storm water management devices is desired. Gresscrete does not contribute to the heat
island effect like other hard surfaces such as asphalt, does not allow contaminants to runoff during first flush"
rainfall into potemially fragile eco -systems and allows for tree plantings in dose proximity. Gmsscrete is a very
sustainable produd that can employ a large recycled material centent both in the form of aggregate and binder
such as fly ash or slag- its Ifiespan is indefinite and can be recyded itself to form the aggregates for future
Grasscrete applications.
The plastic former utilized to create the void structure is designed to have a limitless number of reuses, the
strength to accept live concrete loads, and capable to being removed during the concrete plastic state to create the
voids. Structural analysis of the finished concrete section is based upon the bending moment of the mesh
reinforcement contained within the slab, relatively to slab depth, contact area with base and an assumed allowable
ground bearing of 45kN/m2 for its base. By using combinations of depth and different mesh types, the system can
be tailored to provide the most economical solution.
httu://www.conaetenetwork-com/bomanite/green.htin 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
8c°Esau fia;n;2UBUCAInONS
haifaet's Frt�k9e
Natural Approaches
W Stmmwater
Manarement
Home Pare
/3rMM
• n•
Gress Parking --1--d
Performance Area,
Whidbey Island and
Bellingham
Pervious Concrete.
multiple Locations
pervious Concrete
Alley. Bellingham
Pervious Driveway.
La
Natural Approaches to Stormwater Management
Permeable Pavement
Country Lanes
Vancouver, B. C.
Background
Alleys or back tares in Vancouver, B.C.
provide access to garages and are used
for public services such as garbage
pickup. Consequently, both passenger
vehicles and heavy trucks frequently
use these lanes. The city of Vancouver
developed an environmentally
sustainable "Country Lane" design that
makes back lanes greener and more
attractive. This alternative to paving
asphalt lanes to full width is a
response to the city's goal to reduce
er vi. onmental impacts and to create a
more livable community. The city also
hopes to increase public awareness of
rtormwater issues.
Description
sties pvrtc m wMvn urs s
Preparing structural
grass.
Country lanes feature two narrow wmra•amaamr�,m.
strips of concrete that provide a Vancouver Country Lane
smooth driving surface. A plastic grid is completed.
placed between and beside these
concrete strips and covered with
topwil and grass. This structural grass can support vehicles and prevents
the grass roots from being compacted and creating ruts in the wit. The
road base is a mixture of aggregate, which provides structural stability,
and a sand/wit mixture that allows for drainage and provides the soil
components required for grass growth.
Results
Country Lanes provide several benefits:
. Controlling stormwater at the source means less change to stream
hydrology.
. Surface water infiltration recharges groundwater.
. Topsoil filters pollutants natumlly.
. Adding green space improves air quality.
• Replacing asphalt with grass reduces the "heat island effect,"
where warmer temperatures occur due to pavement
hftn-//www.ncatwaeov/Publirafiom/LID studies/permeable pavementhtm 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
Vancouver is building three of these lanes as a demorsuation project.
With the success of these demonstration projects, this design will
become available as a standard local improvement lane project,
Costs
The costs are approximately 50 percent higher than conventional lane
paving. However, as builders and regulators gain more experience with
this approach, they wilt be able to refine the design and construction
process and costs should drop.
Contact
Wally Konowalchuk
City of Vancouver, B.C.
(604) 873-7387
w Lly_kmm"lchuk@dty.vancow r.bc.ca
Pervious Paving Parking Lots Modification Project
The Evergreen State College, Olympia
Background
New building construction at The
Evergreen State College requires
additional parking capacity. The
philosophy of Evergreen is to reduce the
impact of the Campus on the
erMmnment with every maintenance or
redevelopment project, wherever
practical. In addition to reducing the
environmental impact, 'soft' drainage
systems will puede monitoring and
teaching opportunities for students in
the college's environmental studies
program. Based on a Zero Impact'
Feasibility Study (see page 27), the
college decided to intensify its use of
existing parking areas rather than
clearing more foresL
Description
The Parting lots Modification Project
will provide additional parking in lots B
and C on either side of the main
entrance to the campus. Ruroff from the
parking lots currently, discharges to the
Fast Fork of Houston Creek without
treatment or detention. The innovative
design adds new parking by removing and
reshaping planting islands and
reorganizing laves. Pervious paving
*stems Will replace approximately
34,DDD square feet of existing
landscaping for naw parking stalls. The
combination of adding new Pervious
paving and converting existing paving to
pervious surfaces will result in a net
reduction of ruroff to Houston Creek.
The paving bid package includes three
alternative paving systems, including
EcoStonew by UrdGroup, Gravel Pave 2",
and a system of crushed rock with
cellular confinement The design for the
pavement Includes infiltration to the
subgrade and storage in rock ballast
under the pavement The objective is to
'Zero Impact is a project
that adheres to the 6S/0
(65 percent forest cover
preserved/zero effective
impervious surface)
development standard
and is constrained by
characteristics of a
healthy watershed as
described in the Salmon
in the City Conference
Abstracts.
Approximately
a mmmd.
mately 9,OOD
square feet of
impervious parking area
at The Evergreen State
College vvill be
converted to
bloretentim areas
(numbered in plan at
right).
Pervious
sanouspaWngiasaw.
g
Page 2 of 7
rn ..,..a:e../..e....sol.l> ..noemmt hhn 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
Infiltrate the 100 -year, 24-hour storm
materials vary according
without surface runoff. A sand filter
to the intensity of use
providing water quality treatment is
in parking lots. In the
Located directly below, the paving
above diagram, a
system,
cellular confine-ment
system stabilizes a
Approximately 9,000 square feet of
parking surface of
rkin lot access lanes will be
crushed rock.
P g
converted to bioretention facilities. The
design provides for soil restoration to a
depth of two feet. The objective is to provide bloretention areas with
sufficient surface and subsurface storage volume to infiltrate runoff
from all events up to the 100 -year, 24 -tour storm.
Evergreen may also build a motorcycle parking structure with a
vegetated roof that will be a study focus for students in the
environmental studies program. The motorcycle port will have
approximately 6 inches of soil on the roof with plants selected for their
tolerance to extreme wet and dry conditions.
Challenges
One complication of the project was old fill material found under the
existing pavement. Because it is unsuitable for pavers or bioretention
facilities, contractors had to remove and dispose of it. This cost would
not have occurred with the asphalt paving alternative.
Costs
The cost of the zero discharge parking retrofits is the same as, or lower
than, traditional alternatives using new treatment and detention
systems. Costs for green roofing will be higher, but the increased life of
the roof will help offset these costs. An important factor in choosing the
pervious paving systems is that this approach negates the need to clear
and grade surrouMing forest areas for detention ponds.
Contacts
Michel George
The Evergreen State College
(
"
Thomas W. Holz
Grass Parking Lot and Performance Area
Whidhey Island and City of Bellingham
Background
A farmers' market and community
hall at Bayview Comer on Whidbey
Island needed weekend parking. 2020
Engineering designed a reinforced
grass pavement system that makes
the area look like open space when
not used for parking.
In Bellingham, the owner of the
Boundary Bay Brewery wanted to
expand the winter parking area and to
Grass parking lot design
meets standards for
traditional traffic loads and
resembles open space when
not used for parking.
Page 3 of 7
htt,r//w .ngat.wa.eov/Publicatiom/LID studies/vermeable. pavenmthlm 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
provide a summer beer garden and
performance area.
Description
The grass parking lots use an
interlocking plastic grid (GeoBlock"
at Bayview Comer and Grassy Pavers"
at Boundary Bay Brewery). The grid
was filled with a mixture of sand and
chicken compost and planted with
grass.
Results
The parking lot designs meet
standards for traditional traffic
loading. The grass parking replicates
natural conditions for slowing and
infiltrating stormwater runoff and
eliminates the need for conventional
detention/treatment systems.
Costs
The cost for both lots was $3 to $4
per square foot, installed.
Pervious Concrete
Multiple Locations
have
used
Pervious
concrete
nationally
for
than
20
years.
In the
1980s,
sereral
projects
used
pervious
concrete
in the
Puget
basin,
including
at
Musky
Stadium
and at
xmcrpnm m emwm mrsa
anir Rnere w.rcew of o,et
umn�)
Perviousete
infiltratesinfiltrateswater
extremely well—
typically 250 to 300
inches per hour.
sae•,raeumrde
Bayview come, Whidbey
Island. Top photo:
ager
construction. Lower photo:
during construction.
Boundary Bay Brewery,
Bellingham. Top photo:
during construction. Lower
photo: after wre-truction.
Page 4 of 7
bttn:/Avww.usatwa Rov/Publications/LID studies/permeable pavement.htm 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
a park in Redmond. in recent years, builders have used pervious
concrete in several new projects and more are planned.
Description
Pervious concrete is a special structural concrete with the fine particles
removed. This creates 15 to 20 percent voids so the concrete looks like
a giant rice cake. The pavement will support traffic and allow water to
pass through to a gravel layer undemeath. The strength of pervious
concrete is about 85 percent of conventional concrete, maidng it
suitable for sidewalks, driveways, alleys, parking lots and residential
streets. Designers and irntallers need special training to ensure
structural integrity and porosity. Post -placement testing is important
Pervious concrete is much more porous than underlying soils. Typical
infiltration rates are 250 to 300 inches per hour, typical installations
require soils with percolation rates of more than 112 -inch per hour. A
gravel bed placed underneath the concrete stores water before it moves
into the soil or can provide a channel for movement of water to
stormwater channels. A flinch bed of rock or aggregate 314 inches or
larger with 30 percent voids will store 1.2 inches of water. In addition to
its water quantity benefits, pervious paving can remove some pollutants
through absorption, straining and microbial decomposition.
Following are some of the locations of recent pervious concrete
installatiow around Puget Sound:
Four blocks of sidewalks on N. 145th Street, Seattle.
• 400 feet of sidewalks at 100th Ave., Marysville.
• Six parking lots at Fort Lewis.
•
Sidewalk on North Street in Olympia.
Plaza at Greemvond Park, Seattle.
• Alley In Bellingham.
Parking lot for the Washington Aggregates a Concrete Association
office, Des Moines.
• Nine parking spaces at Bayview Comer, Whidbey Island.
Planning is currently underway for a residential subdivision to
demonstrate the usefulness of permeable concrete for residential
streets, driveways and sidewatl¢.
Costs
The cost for pervious concrete is typically $6 to 9 per square foot This
is comparable to conventional concrete.
Contacts
Bruce Chattin
Pervious Concrete Alley
City of Bellingham
Background
Page 5 of 7
http://www.psatw&gov/Publications/LID studies/permeable_pavementhtm 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
A residential homebuilder was interested
in sustainable construction and decided
to try pervious paving in an alley that
provides access to homes. This was the
first application of a pervious concrete
roadway in a Whatcom County right-of-
way.
Description can µac W we.. m ager
The alley provides access to two pervious concrete alley,
residential properties while minimizing Bellingham.
environmental impacts. Porous concrete
allows for the infiltration of stonnwater
runoff while providing the same structual capacity as conventional
concrete. Engineers determined the depth of the coshed rock base
material --sed to support the concrete—based upon the type of
underlying soil conditions and amount of water storage area needed to
accommodate stone events. No fine materials were used.
Since this project was the first of its kind, the city of Bellingham wanted
to know about durability, load, treatment and maintenance
requirements.
Results
Stormwater treatment occurs as water flows through the pervious
concrete road section and underlying snits. Other characteristics, such
a maintenance issues, are comparable to conventional pavement
systems. The engineer used the Department of Ecology's Stormwater
Management Manual for Western Washington as one of the guides to
document the Stormwater infiltration benefits of the project
Costs
materials cost approximately $1.50 per square foot Installation costs
were similar to conventional paving.
Contact
2020 Engineering, Inc.
(
Pervious Driveway
City of Bellingham
Background
Stormwater runoff causes pollution in
the Lake Whatcom watershed in
Bellingham, as it does in many other
developed areas. Because Lake Malcom
is the sole source of drinking water for
the city of Bellingham, this can have
serious wnsequences for the city's
drinking water supply. A homeowner in
� ri1O1°.vewmIew
W
the watershed wanted to demci strate
pervious driveway,
alternative sustainable building practices
Bellingham.
and decided to replace the edsting
impervious asphalt driveway with a
pervious one.
Description
The homeowner installed a pervious
paving system composed of individual
interlocking paving blocks placed on a
http://www.psaLwa.gov/Publications/LID_ stadies/permeable pavementhtm 6/21/2007
Permeable pavement
Page 7 of 7
bed of fine gravel. The configuration of
the pavement blocks provides a series of
voids to allow stonnwater to infiltrate.
Results
The new driveway has better structural
Properties than the replaced asphalt
surfaced driveway. The pervious paver
system replicates natural conditions for
stonnwater infiltration, provides
treatment, and eliminates the need for
conventional detention/treatment
systems. The homeowner reports a
significant reduction in the volume of
stormwater flowing doom the driveway,
and into the fake.
The perviouspaNew avveerrvale
system replicates
natural stormwater
infiltration, provides
treatment and
eliminates the need for
comentional detentiord
treatment systems.
Costs
The cost was approximately $5 per square foot installed.
Contact
2020 Engineering, Inc.
(36D) 6712020
Website: ,2020enelneeringxonn
Home - About the Sound - Who We Are - Events Calendar - Publications - Rnpurces - Site Inde
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http://www.psaLw&gov/Publications/LID_studies/permeable_pavement.htn 6/21/2007
Watershed Benefits of Permeable Pavers
Home I LID ftokaMUnd I Delon I Site Mao I D'sdaime[ —
=,Watershed Benefits of Permeable Pavers
Typical scenario...
Most of the 'paving oveP in developed areas is due to common mads and parking lots, which play a
major role in transporting increased stormwater runoff and contaminant loads to receiving waters.
Alternative paving materials can be used to locally infiltrate rainwater and reduce the runoff leaving a
site. This can help to decrease downstream flooding, the frequency of combined sewer overflow (CSO)
events, and the thermal pollution of sensitive waters. Use of these materials can also eliminate problems
with standing water, provide for groundwater recharge, control erosion of streambeds and riverbanks,
facilitate pollutant removal, and provide for a more aesthetically pleasing site. The effective
imperviousness of any given project is reduced while land use is maximized Alternative pavers can
even eliminate the requirement for underground sewer pipes and conventional stormwater retention /
detention systems. The drainage of paved areas and traffic surfaces by means of permeable systems is
an important building block within an overall Low Impact Development scheme that seeks to achieve a
stormwater management system close to natural conditions.
...with permeable pavers*
Water Quality
Some current studies on the effectiveness of permeable pavers for reducing Total Suspended Solid
(TSS), nutrient, metal and thermal loadings are being conducted in Florida, Toronto, and Washington
State.
The puking lot of the Florida Aquarium in .•: �'`. ^ r " '� •'r� ` ° a ,
Tampa, which serves 700,000 visitors annually ;41
has been innovatively designed as a research
http://www.lid-stonnwater.naVpermeable�pavers/p=pavers benefits.htm 6/21/2007
and demonstration project for the use of
permeable pavers as part of a treatment train
approach, comparing three paving surfaces in
conjunction with swales.1 First-year results
found that load removal efficiencies for metals
(copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc) ranged
from 23 to 59% for asphalt pavement with a
swale; 62 to 84% for cement pavement with a
swale; and 75 to 92% for porous concrete with a
Swale. In general, metals were measured at
much higher concentrations in the basins paved
with asphalt than those paved with cement
products. The porous system with a Swale also
achieved 91% removal efficiency for total
suspended solids, higher than the other two
paving systems.
Studies at the University of Guelph in Canada
have also observed greater pollutant loads from
asphalt surfaces than from concrete or
permeable pavers. There, a research team led by
Professor William James has been performing
field and laboratory tests since 1993 on the
influence of permeable pavers on runoff
pollutant levels and thermal characteristics.
They have found that a permeable paver made
up of interlocking concrete blocks can
significantly reduce the surface runoff loads of
such contaminants as nitrite, nitrate, phosphate,
phosphorus, metals, BOD, and ammonium.2In
addition, during a lab simulation, the permeable
pavers were found toreducesurface runoff
temperatures by 2 to 4 degrees Celsius
compared to the runoff from asphalt paving.
Since the permeable pavers also increase
infiltration, the total heat content of runoff
leaving a site is reduced substantially.3
Finally, surface and subsurface runoff samples are being collected by the Center for Urban Water
Resources Management in Washington State from a test parking area, which contains five different
surface materials.4 Constructed in 1996, the King County employee parking lot contains nine stalls, of
which one is traditional asphalt, and the others are four pairs of alternative permeable pavement
surfaces: gravel -filled interlocking concrete blocks, soil and grass -filled interlocking concrete blocks,
gravel -filled plastic cell networks, and soil and grass -filled plastic cell networks.
http://www.lid-stormwater.net/permeable�pavers/pe=pavers_bmefits.ht,n 6/21/2007
Pavers
The project's primary goal is to determine the long-term water quality benefits of these systems under
real world usage. A system of pipes, gutters and gauges collect and enable the measurement of the
volume and chemistry of both the surface runoff and the subsurface infiltrate. A comprehensive water
quality analysis is being conducted over the winter of 20012002. Preliminary results indicate that the
subsurface runoff is consistently cleaner than the surface runoff, statistical analyses and reports will be
produced in future months (Derek Booth, Feb. 2002, personal communication).
For more specialized users, continuing research at Coventry University in England has been looking at
applying nutrients to permeable pavers in order to support a microbial population that can serve as an in-
situ bioreactor for oil degradation in highway and parking lot runoff= Studies have demonstrated the
potential to maintain microbial activity for over 12 months from one application of a slow-release
fertilizer, with warnings given about ensuring the effective use of the nutrients so that high effluent
levels will not cause eutrophication in receiving waters.
Water Quantity
Most of the above studies have also examined the influence of permeable pavers on runoff volume,
tending to show a marked reduction in the surface runoff that leaves a permeable paver site due to
increased infiltration In the University of Guelph experiments, field sites with permeable interlocking
concrete pavers demonstrated a 90% reduction in =off volume.1 The treatment train studies at the
Florida Aquarium showed that, in general, the use of swales reduced runoff volume but that paving type
also played a major role in runoff reduction, with permeable pavers being the most effective. The figure
below demonstrates this fact as well as the caveat that the use of swales and permeable pavers has the
most influence on runoff during small stotms.6 For high intensity rainfalls or when soil conditions are
saturated, runoff is not reduced as substantially. Note the different scales on the two graphs; the first is
for a rain event that produced just over 0.5 inch of rain in about 75 minutes, while the second is for an
event producing almost 2.5 inches in under 2 hours and occurring less than 24 hours after four preceding
days with rain
http://www.lid-stormwater.net/permeable_pavers/permpavers bmefits.htm 6/21/2007
rage 4 or 5
The studies by the Center for Urban Water Resources Management in Washington State have looked for
similar differences in the hydrologic response of pavers based on storm intensity or if the storm
followed a long dry period versus a period of abundant rain. To date, however, results show a general
absence of surface runoff from the permeable pavers regardless of conditions: "it all just infiltrates, all
the time" (Derek Booth, personal communication). The figure below, representing a typical observation
during the study's fust year, compares surface nmoff produced from traditional (asphalt) and permeable
(Turfstone) pavements.! The Turfstone permeable paver is a 60% impervious surface made up of soil
and grass -filled interlocking concrete blocks. The measured surface runoff from the Turfstone is less
than 1 percent of the total rainfall and is probably a result of observed leaks in the, covering over the
collection system. All other permeable pavement systems showed equivalent results. The asphalt
paving, however, responds quickly to the rainfall, with most of the rain that hits the surface running
off.
It is likely that results are different from those in Florida due to differences in the two regions' rainfall
regimes. The Washington rain event had a maximum rainfall intensity that was under 0.2 in/hr, this was
typical of the storms recorded. In comparison, the heavier rain event presented in the Florida graph had
http://www.lid-stormwater.net/permeable�__pavers/permpavers_benefits.htrn 6/21/2007
.storm NuvF�nsa>�'$`1`�,'3"�96•?
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It is likely that results are different from those in Florida due to differences in the two regions' rainfall
regimes. The Washington rain event had a maximum rainfall intensity that was under 0.2 in/hr, this was
typical of the storms recorded. In comparison, the heavier rain event presented in the Florida graph had
http://www.lid-stormwater.net/permeable�__pavers/permpavers_benefits.htrn 6/21/2007
a maximum rainfall intensity of 1.5 in/hr. Rain events in Washington State are generally of a lower
intensity and longer duration than those measured in Florida, where the rainfall, particularly in the
summer, is dominated by short and more intense convective events.
4 all six photographs from UNI Eco -Stone® Permeable Concrete Pavers PowerPoint presentations,
02000 UNI -GROUP U.S.A. www.uni-grouousa org
1 Rushton, B.T., 2001: Low -impact parking lot design reduces runoff and pollutant loads. Journal of
Water Resources Planning and Management, (May/June), 172-179.
2 James, W., ed, 1997: Advances in Modeling the Management of Stormwater Impacts Volume S.
Proceedings of the Stormwater and Water Quality Management Modeling Conference, Toronto,
Ontario, February 22-23, 1996, 520 pp.
3 James, W., 2002: Green roads: Research into Permeable Pavers. Stormwater, (March/April), 48-50.
4 Booth, D.B., J. Leavitt and IC Peterson, 1996: The University of Washington Permeable Pavement
Demonstration Project. Background and First -Year Results, available online at
bttp:/Mmt.washinelon.edu cuwrm/ under Research -
5 Pratt, C.J., A.P. Newman and P.C. Bond, 1999: Mineral oil bio -degradation within a permeable
pavement: long tam observations. Wat. Sci. Tech., 39 (2),103-109.
6 Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2001: Florida Aquarium Parking Lot - A Treatment
Train Approach to Stormwater Management. Final Report for FDEP Contract No. WM 662,
Brooksville, Florida, 220 pp.
7 Booth, D.B. and J. Leavitt, 1999: Field evaluation of permeable paver systems for improved
stormwater management Journal ofthe American Planning Association, 65(3), 314-325.
Back to ton
http://www.lid-stormwater.net/permeable—pavers/p=pavas_benefits.htm 6/21/2007
Planning Commission Minutes
June 28, 2007
Page 3
NEW BUSINESS
5.1 Development Area Policy
Nicole Horvitz, Assistant Planner, presented the staff report stating that at the May 24, 2007 City
Council meeting, Council directed staff to research and prepare proposed amendments to the
Town's Development Area Policy to allow additional development area for properties with a
maximum development area of 7,500 feet or less. Semi -permeable materials used in landscape
and hardscape improvements do not increase water run-off from the property and could receive a
partial credit for development area coverage. The Town's current development policy does not
award credit for use of semi -permeable materials on tennis or sport courts, driveways, required
parking, above ground decks and turnarounds. The proposed credit would be given to
constrained lots (one acre minimum with 7,500 square feet of development area or less) for the
use of semi -permeable materials for turn-arounds, required parking and driveways. Staff
recommends a credit of 90 percent for artificial turf because of the product's natural appearance
and permeability. Artificial turf installation would be limited to rear and side yards to minimize
visibility and allowed to encroach into the setback. Grasscrete pavers and permeable concrete are
recommended to receive a 50 percent credit and permeable pavers a 10 percent credit.
Commissioner Cottrell commented on the variety of artificial turf materials available and the
different permeability capabilities.
Commissioner Harpootlian bad concerns about subsurface drainage if artificial turf was installed
over compacted soil. The ground surface should be prepared properly to accept drainage and
allow the water to penetrate the soil.
Sandy Humphries, Environmental Design Committee, commented on the strong fumes released
on hot days from the astro-turf sports field installed at Pinewood School. She requested that if
astro-turf is allowed in Town, the water runoff be required to be filtered either over a heavily
vegetated area or a filtering system because of the turf s toxic nature. She also felt that pavers
should not be installed over a concrete base nor solid concrete pavers allowed.
Chairman Collins noted that some types of artificial turf use small particles of ground -up tires
applied to the top surface to help the turf blades remain upright. This application is suitable for
level areas but unsuitable for slopes as rain will cause the loose particles to be washed off the
artificial turf and into the drainage system.
Discussion ensued regarding the advantages and disadvantages of semi -permeable materials and
possible development area credit granted to acre lots with a maximum development area of 7,500
feet and possible development area credit for all lots installing artificial turf.
Debbie Pedro, Planning Director, summarized the staff recommendation to allow development
area credit for semi -permeable materials and revise the development area policy to allow
development area credit for driveways, turn-arounds and required parking spaces that utilize
grasscrete, permeable concrete or permeable pavers on constrained lots with maximum
development area of 7,500 feet or less. For a one acre lot that would support a 5,000 square foot
house, only 2,500 square feet of development area would remain for the driveway, pool, patio,
Planning Commission Minutes
June 28, 2007
Page 4
DRAFT
etc. The proposed credit would allow up to an extra 1,500 square feet of development area if
permeable concrete, permeable pavers or grasscrete was utilized.
MOTION SECONDED AND PASSED BY THE FOLLOWING ROLL CALL VOTE: Motion
by Commissioner Carey and seconded by Commissioner Cottrell to forward a recommendation
to City Council to adopt staff recommendations for development area credit with the exception
of reducing the development area credit for permeable concrete to 30 percent.
AYES: Chairman Collins, Commissioners Carey, Clow, Cottrell and Harpootlian
NOES: none
This decision will be forwarded to be heard at a future City Council meeting.
6. REPORT FROM THE CITY COUNCIL MEETING
6.1 Planning Commission Representative for June 10 -Commissioner Cary
6.2 Planning Commission Representative for June 28's -Cancelled
6.3 Planning Commission Representative for July 12`s -Chairman Collins
6.4 Planning Commission Representative for July 26u' -Commissioner Clow
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
7.1 Approval of June 7, 2007 minutes
PASSED BY CONSENSUS: To approve the June 7, 2007 minutes.
REPORT FROM FAST TRACK MEETING — JUNE 12 AND JUNE 19, 2007
8.1 LANDS OF LANDS OF PAO AND CHAO, 14555 Harvard Court. File #18-07-
ZP-SD; A request for a Site Development Permit for a 1,600 square foot two story
addition (maximum height: 27') and interior remodel. CEQA Review:
Categorical Exemption per Section 15303(a). (Staff -Nicole Horvitz). Approved
with conditions.
8.2 LANDS OF MUNCH, 12758 Leander Drive; File #221-06-ZP-SD-GD; A request
for a Site Development Permit for 1,753 two story addition and interior remodel
(maximum height 23'). CEQA review -Categorical Exemption per Section per
Section 15303(a). (Staff -Nicole Horvitz). Approved with conditions.
8.3 LANDS OF LEGATES, 11308 Magdalena Road; File #20-07-ZP-SD; A request
for a Site Development Permit for a new 5,682 square foot single story residence
(maximum height 25'4"). CEQA review -Categorical Exemption per Section
15303(a). (Staff -Nicole Horvitz). Approved with conditions.
8.4 LANDS OF COVELL, 26940 Orchard Hill Lane; File #46-07-ZP-SD-GD; A
request for a Site Development Permit for a new 5,012 square foot two story
residence with a 1,676 square foot basement, 450 square foot pool, and 135